AUSTRALIA is on track to harvest a near-record winter grain crop of 61.9 million tonnes, according to Rabobank’s 2022/23 Australian Winter Crop Forecast.

However, what will be a record for some farmers will be heartbreak for others due to the impacts of excessive rainfall on grain volume, yield, and quality in parts of the country.

In the newly released report, the specialist agribusiness bank says despite the weather challenges, the nation is set to harvest its third consecutive bumper winter crop.

Forecast to be down only one per cent on last year - which broke all-time production records - the total grain crop is estimated to be 41 per cent above the five-year average.

But it won’t be good news for all, the report says.

While farmers in some parts of Australia will reap record or near-record crops, others in areas across New South Wales and Victoria are facing yield, volume, and quality downgrades due to excessive rains, washed out fields, and unharvestable crops.

Report author, Dennis Voznesenski, said that while it was too soon to quantify the impact of heavy rainfall and flooding in recent days in Victoria on the state’s overall production, “there has been significant impact to yields on low-lying crops with many under water in central and northern Victoria, however crops on rolling and rising country have fared better”.

Rabobank forecasts the national wheat production to come in at 35.5 million tonnes - down two per cent on last year, but 47 per cent above the five-year average.

Barley production is expected to reach a record 14.8 million tonnes - up seven per cent on last season and 31 per cent above the five-year average.

The canola crop is forecast to reach a record 7.2 million tonnes - also a seven per cent increase on the previous year and a whopping 81 per cent up on the five-year average.

Mr Voznesenski said, on the whole, Western Australia and South Australia are set to break production records.

“While Victoria was on track to break production records until last week, we are going to have to wait for all the forecast rainfall to come through and for waters to recede to see the full impact of the rains on production.

“The unfavourable conditions mean harvest is likely to be drawn out into January.”

He said a substantial increase on last year’s rainfall across the Mallee and Wimmera in Victoria and Murray Mallee in South Australia has set up some farmers in these regions to harvest all-time record crop yields.

Queensland is expected to see a large, but not record, crop harvested.

New South Wales farmers, however, are battling conditions even wetter than last year - especially those in central regions.

“Excessive rain leading into harvest followed significant issues at planting, where some farmers replanted up to three times or had to abandon hectares all together,” Mr Voznesenski said.

“Across New South Wales, parts of Victoria and southern Queensland, we expect to see considerably less hectares harvested than were planted due to excessive rains either at planting, during the growing season or leading right into harvest.

“The challenge of a wet harvest will be compounded by labour shortages, with an estimated 30 per cent of farms in Queensland and 27 per cent in New South Wales having to change harvest strategies as a result of insufficient labour.”

State summary

Rabobank forecasts Western Australia to harvest a record total crop of 23.47 million tonnes - up two per cent on last year’s record (as reported by ABARES).

South Australia is also preparing for another record harvest this season of almost 10.7 million tonnes - one per cent above the last record set in 2016/17 and a 27 per cent increase on last year.

Until the recent flooding events, Victoria’s total winter crop had been expected to come in at 11.5 million tonnes - an all-time record exceeding 2020/21 (the last record) by 17 per cent and up on last year by 26 per cent.

“Too much of a good thing” though has robbed Queensland of a record year, the report says, with excessive rainfall through the season resulting in many regions harvesting 90 per cent of planted crop hectares, with some further south harvesting only 80 to 85 per cent.

At a forecast total crop harvest of 2.6 million tonnes for the season, Queensland’s production will be six per cent down on the previous year.

With New South Wales hardest hit by excess rain throughout the season, the state’s grain and oilseed production is expected to come in 28 per cent below last year at 13.6 million tonnes.

“Depending on the region, only between 75 to 92 per cent of the state’s planted grains and oilseed hectares will actually be harvested,” Mr Voznesenski said.

Excessive rainfall had also weighed on New South Wales crop yields, while prevalent weed and disease issues had been compounded by farmers not being able to get on to paddocks to spray because of wet conditions.

“Crop quality has also been significantly impacted, with even more feed-quality wheat now expected from the state than last year,” Mr Voznesenski said.

Exports

With another bumper national harvest on the way, Australia will have plentiful grain and oilseeds for the export market, the report says.

However, the ability to supply world markets will be limited by supply chain bottlenecks both in regional areas and with capacity at Australian ports.

The exportable surplus in Australia from the 2022/23 harvest is expected to exceed the nation’s official estimated 2021 national export capacity of 47.5 million tonnes.

“When an approximate figure is also added for still unsold 2021/22 crop, the exportable surplus could rise to 53.5 million tonnes, and this does not include an unknown volume of grain owned by the grain trade itself,” Mr Voznesenski said.

Commodity price outlook

For Australia’s grains and oilseeds, the report sees the strong local supply limiting the potential of prices moving above current levels for a sustained time during the harvest period.

“With another near-record crop in the process of being harvested, and still significant carry over from last year, we expect local prices to be pressured below global levels during the key harvest window from now until January and likely into late March,” Mr Voznesenski said.

“Growers may see some local price upside between late March and May, ahead of the northern hemisphere harvest.

“But from late quarter two next year - when northern hemisphere grain starts coming on to the market - and with an expected rise in the Australian dollar, we are likely to see downward pressure on local prices.”

Global grain prices are expected to remain above the five-year average for the next 12 months as supplies from Ukraine and Russia continue to be unpredictable and global stocks below average, but prices are not forecast “under the base (most likely) case” to head back up to record levels seen between March and June this year.

Locally for wheat, Rabobank forecasted national average APW1 Track/Free-In-Store prices to trade between A$390 and A$420 a tonne over the next 12 months, with upside towards the end of quarter one and the beginning of quarter two 2023.

For feed barley, national average Track/ Free-In-Store prices are expected to trade between A$320 and A$350 a tonne.

Strong global and local supply of canola is bearish for prices, however, there may be improvements in demand next year with proposed changes to biofuel mandates in the EU and a potential reduction in Canada’s export capacity later in the year, the report says.

Prices for non-GM canola track/FIS are expected to trade between A$700 and A$830 a tonne in 2023.

Pulses are “still looking for love”, the report says, with more than 18 per cent of last year’s Australian pulse harvest estimated to be unsold, with this figure significantly higher in Queensland.

“A large rebound in lentil production in Canada is expected to weigh on prices over the next 12 months, while economic and political turmoil in Australia’s second-largest export market of Sri Lanka will also limit demand in 2023,” Mr Voznesenski said.

“However, in the short term, recent rains and damage to the Victorian lentil crop could see price support.

“The outlook for chickpeas remains largely bearish, though early next year may see some upside from increased purchases from Bangladesh ahead of Ramadan.”

Farm inputs

Farm input costs - which have risen substantially over the past year - could weigh significantly on farm margins moving forward, Mr Voznesenski said.

However, while there is notable risk for urea prices increasing, reprieve may be due for other fertilisers and agrochemicals in the near term.

Mr Voznesenski said with urea production significantly dependent on natural gas - which has been skyrocketing in price in Europe - the bank sees urea prices as having the largest “upside risk” moving into 2023.

For phosphates, there has been “demand destruction”, the report says, with high prices resulting in lower usage and larger than initially anticipated inventory, especially in the Americas, which is indicative of further price declines.

“The downward slide in global potash prices is likely to persist for the coming months, with regional benchmarks taking a cue from further anticipated weakness in the Americas,” Mr Voznesenski said.

“Still, geopolitics around Russia and Belarus can definitely impact prices of both phosphate and potash.”

An expansion of agrochemical production capacity in China has seen prices decline this year, the report said.

“And under our base case, we expect further downside moving into next year,” Mr Voznesenski said.